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The current Constitution of Mauritania was adopted on 12 July 1991. There have been several constitutions since Mauritania's independence in 1960. ==Current constitution== Mauritania's current constitution was adopted on 12 July 1991. Under the Constitution, Islam is the state religion, and the President must be a Muslim.〔Mauritania Index http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/mr__indx.html ,〕〔Full Text of Constitution http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/mr00000_.html#A023_〕 The constitution also provides for universal, equal, and secret suffrage in elections for President and Parliament, either direct or indirect, and the protection of public and individual freedoms, including the right to form political parties, protection from slavery, the right to strike, and the right to property. Specifically listed protected freedoms include freedom of movement, expression, assembly, association, commerce, and intellectual creation.〔Title I General Provisions and Fundamental Principles Full Constitution with Amendments through 2012 https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mauritania_2012.pdf〕 Under the constitution, the President is elected by universal direct suffrage and is vested with the executive powers including supreme command of the armed forces, right of appointment to civil and military offices, and promulgation and execution of the law.〔Title II Of the Executive Power Full Constitution with Amendments through 2012 https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mauritania_2012.pdf〕 He is subject to constraints by the Parliament. The Parliament under the constitution consists of a National Assembly and a Senate, the members of whom are given immunity to prosecution based on their votes. The constitution provides for situations where the President may call for an extraordinary session of Parliament.〔Title III Of the Legislative Power Full Constitution with Amendments through 2012 https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mauritania_2012.pdf〕 The constitution also mandates the independence of the judiciary and protections against arbitrary detention, as well as a High Court of Justice as the supreme court of Mauritania.〔Title VII Of the Judicial Power Full Constitution with Amendments through 2012 https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mauritania_2012.pdf〕 A High Islamic Council, an Economic and Social Council, and a National Commission of the Rights of Man are also mandated as consultative councils under the constitution.〔Title IX Of the Consultative Institutions Full Constitution with Amendments through 2012 https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Mauritania_2012.pdf〕 A 2006 referendum made the first changes since its initiation.〔("Mauritania's constitution gets 96.96% yes vote" ), Middle East Online, June 28, 2006.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Constitution of Mauritania」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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